Range advantage

Range advantage is not about who is holding the better hand right now; it is about whose entire range does better on average against this particular board. A player earns range advantage when the community cards land in a way that favours the types of hands they tend to hold in this spot more than the types of hands their opponent tends to hold. Whoever has it gets to bet more often, usually for a smaller size, because their range as a whole is ahead rather than needing to lean on a few big hands.

Worked example. A preflop raiser holds far more big pairs and big cards than the player who called. On a flop of Ace, King, four, the raiser's range connects constantly through top pair, overpairs, and two pair, while the caller's suited connectors and small pairs mostly miss. The raiser has the range advantage here, even though the caller might still hold the one hand that beats them.